Vehicle-to-Grid Market Size, Share, and Growth Forecast for 2025 - 2032

Vehicle-to-Grid Market Size and Trends Analysis

The global vehicle-to-grid market size is likely to be valued at US$ 8.2 Bn in 2025 and is expected to reach US$ 46.9 Bn by 2032 growing at a CAGR of 28.3% during the forecast period. Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology is becoming increasingly essential due to its pivotal role in enhancing grid stability and enabling clean energy transitions. V2G allows EVs to store and return electricity, effectively balancing fluctuations in power supply. This advancement is also paving the way for emerging applications such as Vehicle-to-Home (V2H), Vehicle-to-Building (V2B), and Vehicle-to-Load (V2L), which empower users to power homes, buildings, or standalone devices directly from electric vehicles, enhancing energy independence and reducing reliance on traditional power sources.

Key Industry Highlights:

• Growing installation of Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) is boosting the V2G market, capturing around 31% of the global share by 2025, as smart chargers are essential for enabling two-way energy flow between EVs and the power grid.
• Surging demand for bi-directional converter systems is a key driver for the V2G market, enabling EVs to both charge and discharge electricity for grid support. This segment is projected to account for nearly 68% of the market share in 2025.
• Increased integration of energy management software in V2G platforms is enhancing real-time load balancing, renewable energy integration, and dynamic pricing, benefiting both energy providers and EV fleet operators.
• North America is witnessing strong growth in V2G aggregation services, creating new revenue opportunities by allowing multiple EVs to function as a virtual power plant for energy trading and ancillary grid services.
• European commercial and industrial sectors are rapidly adopting V2G technology to reduce energy expenses, manage consumption efficiently, and improve sustainability with greater use of renewable power sources.
• Asia-Pacific leads the global V2G market with a dominant 40% value share in 2025, outpacing North America, driven by supportive government initiatives and pilot programs in China and Japan.

Market Dynamics

Driver - Rising adoption of electric vehicles globally is fueling demand for bi-directional V2G-compatible EVSE infrastructure

The rapid global adoption of electric vehicles is significantly driving the need for bi-directional, Vehicle-to-Grid compatible EVSE infrastructure. In 2025, EV sales are expected to surpass 20 million units globally, accounting for about 25% of all new vehicle sales, up from just 14% in 2022. This growing EV fleet represents a substantial energy storage opportunity that can support grid stability through V2G technology.

The global market for EV charging infrastructure is projected to grow from approximately USD 31.1 billion in 2025 to over USD 113.4 billion by 2032, reflecting a strong CAGR of around 20.3%. Governments and utilities across regions like China, the Netherlands, and the U.S. are initiating V2G pilot projects involving electric buses, delivery vans, and residential EVs. As more consumers and fleet operators adopt EVs, the demand for compatible bi-directional charging systems will continue to accelerate, reinforcing the grid and maximizing EV value.

Restraint -  Limited standardization in communication protocols between EVs and grid systems hampers seamless V2G deployment

One of the key barriers to large-scale Vehicle-to-Grid adoption is the lack of standardized communication protocols between EVs, charging infrastructure, and grid systems. Currently, multiple protocols such as CHAdeMO, ISO 15118, and Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) are in use, creating compatibility challenges.

For example, CHAdeMO supports bi-directional charging but is primarily used in Japan, while ISO 15118, which enables plug-and-charge and V2G communication, is still in early adoption stages globally. This fragmentation complicates infrastructure planning and limits interoperability between different EV brands and grid operators.

A 2023 study by the U.S. Department of Energy emphasized that without uniform communication standards, utilities face higher costs and longer timelines for integrating V2G technologies. Furthermore, only a limited number of EV models and charging units currently support fully functional V2G capabilities. These inconsistencies restrict seamless deployment and hinder the scalability of V2G solutions across diverse regions and grid systems.

Opportunity - Public transport operators present untapped potential for large-scale V2G integration during off-peak fleet downtime

Public transport operators offer a significant untapped opportunity for large-scale Vehicle-to-Grid integration, especially during off-peak hours when electric fleets remain idle. Electric buses and transit fleets typically operate on fixed schedules, spending up to 12–16 hours daily parked at depots. This downtime presents ideal conditions for feeding stored energy back to the grid.

By 2030, the global electric bus fleet is expected to exceed 1.3 million units, up from approximately 600,000 in 2023, driven by urban electrification and emissions regulations. Integrating V2G with such fleets could help utilities manage peak loads, reduce grid stress, and improve energy efficiency. Pilot programs in cities like London, Shenzhen, and Los Angeles are already demonstrating V2G-enabled bus depots that participate in frequency regulation and energy arbitrage. As governments invest in smart grid modernization and public transport electrification, transit operators are emerging as pivotal players in accelerating V2G scalability.

Category-wise Analysis

By Magnet Type Insights - Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) dominates V2G hardware adoption due to rising demand for smart charging hubs

Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) is the leading component segment accounting for 31% in the global Vehicle-to-Grid market, driven by growing demand for smart and bi-directional charging hubs. EVSE includes advanced charging units that enable two-way electricity flow between EVs and the grid, making it central to V2G deployment. With the increasing penetration of electric vehicles, global EV charger installations crossed 2.7 million units in 2023, of which nearly 900,000 were in Europe alone.

A significant share of these chargers now feature bidirectional capabilities to support grid services. Companies such as Wallbox, Siemens, and Delta Electronics are launching compact and grid-responsive EVSE to meet this rising demand. For instance, Wallbox’s Quasar series supports home-based V2G functions, while Siemens is supplying V2G-compatible chargers for pilot programs in Germany and the U.S. As utilities push for grid-interactive infrastructure, EVSE remains the most deployed and commercially viable component in the V2G ecosystem.

By End-user Insights - Commercial fleet operators are increasingly adopting V2G systems to reduce energy costs and emissions

Commercial fleet operators are emerging as the fastest-growing end-user segment in the global Vehicle-to-Grid market, driven by the dual goals of cost savings and sustainability. Fleet EVs often remain idle during predictable off-peak hours, making them ideal for participating in grid services such as demand response and energy arbitrage.

Europe Vehicle Electrification market is projected to grow from US$ 40.4 Bn in 2024 to US$ 72.3 Bn by 2031 with a large share concentrated in last-mile delivery, public transport, and municipal services. In Europe, over 91,000 electric vans were registered in 2023, making up 7.7 percent of total van sales and highlighting the strong shift toward fleet electrification. This growing base of electric commercial vehicles creates a major opportunity for energy cost optimization through bidirectional charging.

Companies like UPS and DHL are already testing V2G integration with their delivery vans, while others like Amazon and FedEx are actively exploring large-scale deployment. As electricity prices fluctuate and sustainability regulations tighten, V2G offers fleet operators a powerful tool to lower expenses and contribute to grid stability, making this segment a key driver of market growth.

Regional Insights and Trends

North America Vehicle-to-Grid Market Trends - Utility-driven incentive programs in the U.S. are accelerating residential EV owners' participation in V2G networks

Utility-driven incentive programs in the U.S. are playing a vital role in accelerating residential EV owners' participation in Vehicle-to-Grid networks. At the federal level, the Inflation Reduction Act offers a 30% tax credit, up to US$ 1,000, for the installation of home EV chargers, making V2G-compatible infrastructure more affordable. Utilities like Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) are leading regional initiatives, offering up to US$ 4,500 off bi-directional chargers for specific EV models such as those from GM.

PG&E has also launched a residential V2X pilot aiming to enroll 1,000 participants, incentivizing them through dynamic pricing and rewards for feeding electricity back to the grid during peak demand. With over 1.2 million EVs sold in the U.S. in 2023, accounting for more than 8% of light-duty vehicle sales, the residential V2G market has a strong foundation. These programs are empowering consumers to actively support grid resilience while gaining economic benefits.

Europe Vehicle-to-Grid Market Trends - V2G projects are gaining traction with integration into solar-powered home energy management systems

Europe is emerging as a frontrunner in Vehicle-to-Grid integration by combining it with solar-powered home energy systems. The widespread V2G deployment could increase solar photovoltaic capacity by up to 40 percent and save the European Union around €22 billion annually by 2040 through improved energy management.

By 2030, over 50 million electric vehicles are expected on European roads, which could contribute nearly 114 terawatt-hours of electricity to the grid each year, which is enough to power around 30 million homes. Cities such as Utrecht in the Netherlands are pioneering V2G car-sharing models using solar-charged EVs.

For example, the Energized project is integrating hundreds of bidirectional Renault EVs into solar-powered infrastructure to support peak grid demand. Similarly, the MyWheels initiative is deploying 500 bi-directional EVs across solar-rich areas. These initiatives highlight how Europe is creating a scalable blueprint for integrating EVs with residential solar systems to enhance grid flexibility.

Asia Pacific Vehicle-to-Grid Market Trends - Government-led EV deployment and smart grid investments in China and Japan are driving V2G market expansion

China and Japan are playing a leading role in expanding the Vehicle-to-Grid market across Asia Pacific through strong government-led EV adoption and smart grid investments. In China, the government has launched over 30 V2G pilot projects in major cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen to utilize EVs for grid balancing and peak shaving. The country has also allocated around US$ 45 billion toward smart grid infrastructure as part of a broader US$ 250 billion energy modernization plan.

Japan, on the other hand, has invested more than US$ 70 billion in grid upgrades and is actively deploying bi-directional chargers in residential complexes and public spaces. With more than 13 million EVs already on the roads in China and substantial government support, Asia Pacific’s V2G market is expected to capture 40% of the market share in 2025. These efforts position the region as a global leader in scalable V2G integration.

Competitive Landscape

The global Vehicle-to-Grid market is becoming more competitive as companies focus on product partnerships and technology integration. Players like ABB, Nuvve, Enel X, and Siemens are teaming up with automakers such as Nissan, Ford, and GM to build V2G-ready charging stations. Their key strategy is to offer interoperable systems that combine hardware and software for smooth energy transfer. GM Energy is working closely with utilities to integrate home energy systems, while Wallbox and Nuvve are expanding in Europe with V2G-capable chargers.

Another strong strategy is collaboration with utilities and government bodies to run large-scale pilot programs. For example, Toyota has partnered with San Diego Gas & Electric in the U.S., and Mitsubishi is encouraging subsidies for bi-directional chargers in Japan. In the Netherlands, MyWheels is deploying 500 Renault EVs with V2G capabilities as part of a fleet initiative. These moves show how companies are shifting from pilot testing to actual V2G deployment.

Latest Industry Developments

• In May 2025, Nuvve has acquired the key assets of Fermata Energy in a US$ 659,000 deal, aiming to consolidate their expertise in Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology. The acquisition includes Fermata's core team and software platform, enabling Nuvve to enhance its intellectual property, expand its product offerings, and accelerate market penetration in the growing V2G space.
• In October 2024, Nissan plans to introduce affordable onboard bidirectional charging on select EVs starting in 2026. Initially launching in the UK and later expanding across Europe, the move follows successful UK trials and grid-certification, positioning Nissan as a leader in making Vehicle-to-Grid technology widely accessible.

Companies Covered in Vehicle-to-Grid Market

• Hardware Providers
  • ABB Ltd.
  • Siemens AG
  • Wallbox Chargers S.L.
  • Delta Electronics, Inc.
  • DENSO Corporation
• Software Providers
  • Nuvve Holding Corp.
  • Enel X
  • The Mobility House
  • AutoGrid Systems
  • Jedlix
• Service Providers
  • EDF Energy
  • ENGIE SA
  • E.ON SE
  • Pacific Gas & Electric
  • National Grid plc